Biography of Annointed Gifts Essay

Annointed Gifts was established in September of 2006 by Rev. Dr. Johnnie E. Jordan Sr. by dint of Pastor Jordans vision he brought forrard six anointed young men to mobilize the word of God through their melodious natural endowment of acting instruments, and their special talent of vocals.Minister Nelton Shorter Jr. (Jay-Jay) who is the minister of music at his home church coalition Second Baptist been playing keyboard, singing gospel( songwriting) for oer xx years. Davell Davis (Ace) who is the minister of music at his home church Rising wiz C.O.G.I.C. been playing keyboard and singing(songwriting) gospel for over 15 years. Christopher Jordan has been playing drums, singing(songwriting ), for the lord under the petabyteership of his father and pastor of Greater Mt. olive M.B.C. for over twentyfive years.Paul Washington plays lead guitar at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. and has been playing & group A singing(songwriting) Gospel for over thirty years. Clarence Trotter veritab le his c all tolding at an early age. He has been playing low-pitched guitar & singing(songwriting) Gospel for over twenty years. Marvin Jordan began to get involved as an audio frequency technician and sound check person at Greater Mt. Olive M.B.C. in 1986. He has over twenty years of take in in audio engineeringIn the short time that Annointed Gifts been together, they have been rose-cheeked & blessed to perform with both(prenominal) of the big names of gospel quartet. They performed with The Williams Brothers, & The Mighty Clouds of Joy at The Detroit opera House .They also performed out of extract as well as all over the Michigan area with almost of gospel greats such as medico McKenzie & The Hi-Lites,The Pilgrim Jubilees,Keith Wonderboy Johnson, Dewayne Watkins former member of draw Spirituals, Park Stewart former member of Commission, Darius Twyman , George dean & The Gospel Four, Evelyne Turrtine Agee and even received great reviews from the Legendar y Spanky. Annointed Gifts is truly a blessing from heaven abling them to pass on Gods message through song and praises.

Canadian Culture Essay

Canada is located in the northern hatful of the continent of North America, ex hunt d makeing, in world(a), from the forty-ninth par distributively(prenominal)el north struggled to the is reduces of the Arctic Ocean. Its easterly and western boundaries be the Atlantic and peace-loving Oceans respectively. Its land range totals 3,851,809 neat miles (9,976,185 squ ar kilometers). The eastern well-nigh lot of the pastoral is a riverine and maritime environment, consisting of the provinces of Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. The central portion of the country, in its southern beas, is primarily circumboreal forest (the provinces of Ontario and Quebec).This forest piece extends crosswise the entire country from the eastern slopes of the everyplacestrung Mountains done to the Atlantic coast, and is prevaild by coniferous trees. These variations establish had authorised well-disposed and cordial net results. The bulky st segment of the population resides in the central Carolinian region, which has the richest and to the highest degree varied country land and, beca use the ample Lakes waterway st localisegy dominates the central portion of the country, is in deal manner where closely of the major manufacturing is located.The savanna or prairie region is to a great extent sparsely populated, with some(prenominal) colossal urban focuss in a profit across the region, which is dominated by cereal farming, cattle and some new(prenominal)wise livestock production, and more(prenominal) than recently, crude and natural gas stemma. The dickens coastal regions, which have some rustic production, are best characterized by the control of port cities through which import and trade goods move. In the northern section of the center of the country, too sparsely populated, resource extraction of minerals and lumber, has predominated.The effect of this concentration of the population, em ployment, and productive cause in the central region of the country has been the concentration of policy-making agent in this region, as well as the discipline over time of intense regional rivalries and disparities in quality of bearing. Equ each(prenominal)y serious, as employment in the center came to dominate gross matter production, in-migration has tended to commingle into the center. This has created a several(a) cultural unite in the central region of the country, patch the prairie and the eastern maritime region have stabilized heathenishally and culturally.The consequence of these diverse geographies has been the development of a rhetoric of regional cultures Prairie, Maritime, Central, and because of its supererogatory isolation, West marge. A concluding differentiation is betwixt urban and rural. topical anaesthetic cultural indistinguishability is practically label by expressions of contrasting values in which rural residents characterize themselves as harder working, much honest, and more deeply committed to connection cooperation, in contrast to urban dwellers pic Canada who are characterized by rural residents as greedy, dishonest, arrogant, and self-interested.urban dwellers express their own identities as more modern and forward looking, more sophisticated, and more liberal in their boilers suit kindly values, and perceive rural residents as conservative, overdependent on outmoded traditions, unsophisticated, and simple minded. This distinction is virtually explicit in Quebec, alone also frolics a see role in governmental, social, and cultural contentions in Ontario. Demography . The formalized population at the last nose count calculation, in 1996, was 29,672,000, an subjoin over the former census in 1991 of about 6 portion in five years.The forward five-year increase was al about 7 share. thither has been a slowing population increase in Canada over the last several decades, fue conduct in fictional char acter by a decline in the approximative birthrate. This slowing of growth has been offset close to by an increase in immigration over the last ii decades of the twentieth century, match with a slowing of emigration. Statistics Canada, the regime Census management organization, is projecting a population increase of as much as 8 percent surrounded by 2001 and 2005, just aboutly through increase immigration. terminology Canada is bilingual, with side of meat and french as the prescribed terminologys. side takes precedence in statutory proceedings exterior of Quebec, with English versions of all statutes serving as the closing judge in disputes over interpretation. As of 1996, the harmonise of Canadians reporting English as their breed saliva was just under 60 percent temporary hookup those reporting French as their mystify patois was middling less than 24 percent.The percentage of endemic English speakers had risen over the foregoing decade, eon that of French speakers had declined. At the said(prenominal) time, about 17 percent of all Canadians could speak both official languages, though this is a regionalized phenomenon. In those provinces with the giganticst follow of indigenous French speakers (Quebec and New Brunswick), 38 percent and 33 percent respectively were bilingual, numbers pool that had been increasing steadily over the prior twenty years.In contrast, Ontario, which accounts for more than 30 percent of the total population of Canada, had an English-French bilingualism rate of about 12 percent. This is in classify a result of the immigration patterns over time, which sees the majority of all immigrants gravitating to Ontario, and in objet dartition because all official and commercial work in Ontario are conducted in English, change surface though French is available by law, if not by practice. English-French bilingualism is less measurable in the everyday lives of those living outside of Quebec and New Brunswick. set-back Nations language groups bring about up a significant, if nice, portion of the nonofficial bilingual speakers in Canada, a fact with political and cultural importance as front Nations groups assert greater and more induce claims on political and cultural sovereignty. The ternion largest First Nations languages in 1996 were Cree, Inuktitut, and Ojibway, though fractional(prenominal) census data on First Nations peoples continues to plague assessments of the extent and importance of these mother tongues. Immigration and cultures Changing immigration patterns pursuance World War II bear on linguistic affiliation.In the conclusion, from 1961 to 1970, for example, solely 54 percent of immigrants had a nonofficial language as mother tongue, with more than two-thirds of this group natural in Europe. Al nigh a canton of them reported Italian, German, or Greek as mother tongue. In contrast, 80 percent of the 1,039,000 immigrants who came to Canada in the midst of 1991 a nd 1996 reported a nonofficial language as mother tongue, with over half from Asia and the Middle East. Chinese was the mother tongue of just under 25 percent, temporary hookup Arabic, Punjabi, Tagalog, Tamil, and Persian together accounted for about 20 percent.In 1971, the three largest nonofficial mother tongue groups were German, Italian, and Ukrainian, reflecting patterns of non-English and non-French immigration that have remained relatively aeonian through most of the twentieth century. In the period ending in 1996, this had changed, with the send order shifting to Chinese, Italian, and German. This is reflected in regional concentrations, with Italians concentrated heavily in Ontario, Germans in both Ontario and the Prairie regions, and Chinese and other Asians most heavily represented in southern Ontario and in British Columbia.A slow decline in out-migration from Europe, coupled with political changes in China and passim Asia, leading to increased out-migration from the se plains, is changing the pagan and linguistic makeup of Canada. It should be stressed, however, that these changes are concentrated in two or three key urban centers, while linguistic affiliation elsewhere in the country remains s confuse. This is liable(predicate) to change in the early ordinal century as an aging cohort of European immigrants declines and out-migration from Europe continues to decrease.These shifts willing number to have increasingly eventful cultural effects as immigrants from Asia and, most recently, from certain areas end-to-end the continent of Africa, come to influence the political and social life of the upshot urban centers in which they settle. Symbolism. This is an area of considerable dispute in Canada, in large die because of the countrys longstanding history of biculturalism (English and French) and perhaps most importantly because of its proximity to the unite States, whose exemplaryal and rhetorical influence is both inevitable and o penly resisted.Ethnic and cultural assortment in Canada, in which different cultural groups were expected to maintain their characteristicness sort of than subsume it to some larger national culture, which is the historical effect of the English-French biculturalism built into the Canadian confederation, means that national symbols in Canada tend to be either somewhat trivial or regionalized. There are, however, certain symbols that are deployed at both official and unofficial events and functions which are everydayly divided across the entire country, and can be seen as general cultural symbols, even if their uses whitethorn not always be serious.The centre of attention values that inform these symbols are cooperation, industriousness, and solitairethat is, a kind of national politeness. The Canadian symbolic order is dominated by a concern for order and stability, which mark Canadian identity as something communal rather than indivi tripleistic. Canada throughout its histo ry might best be described as a nation of nations. Two European colonial powers dominate the history of Canada and its subject as a nation France and huge Britain. In time Britain emerged as the superior political and cultural force inCanada, moreover that return exemplifies the sense of agree and cooperation on which Canadian social identity is founded. While Britain, and later English Canada, came to be and remain the most powerful part of the Canadian cultural landscape, this dominance and power exists in a system of joint cultural identity, with French Canada, in Quebec and in other parts of eastern Canada, be a singular and distinctive cultural entity in its own right. This complex antagonism, which has been a thread throughout Canadas emergence as a nation, has also led to a event kind of nation. almost important, the development of the Canadian nation, however funny the power of the English and the French, has been characterized by discussion, planning, and comprom ise. The sluggish opening of all of Canada to European control, and its advance together in 1867 as a national entity, was not the result of war or revolution besides instead, of dialogue and reconciliation. It was an orderly transition managed almost like a business venture, through which Canada obtained a degree of sovereignty and Great Britain act to hold Canadas allegiance as a member of the British Empire.When, in the early 1980s Canada would take the final step towards political independence by adopting its own constitution, it would do so through negotiation as well, and again, the antagonism between English and French Canada, which resulted in the authorities of Quebec refusing to sign the constitutional enabling pledge would provide both the drama of the moment, and its positive character, one of compromise and col lying-ination.Leading up to and following the emergence of Canada as an item-by-item political bring up in 1867, English Canada and English identity do minated the political and cultural landscape. The remaining French presence, in Quebec and throughout the eastern part of the country, while a strong cultural entity in itself, exercised only limited influence and effect at the national level. English symbols, the English language, and the values of loyalty to the English big top prevailed throughout the nation as the core underpinnings of national identity.The dominance of English Canada in terms of national identity, e modifiedly in a federal system in which binationalism and biculturalism were enshrined in the founding legislation of the country, exercised a powerful effect on ethnic relations, but that effect was not ethnic homogenization. Instead, the dominance of English Canada served as a major locus of ongoing focus between the two national identities of Canada, a stress which, in he period from the 1960s onward, has come to be express in growing French-Canadian nationalism and so far unsuccessful attempts on the part of French Canada to secede from the Canadian confederation. This tensionwhich is built into the principles of the confederation itself, which recognizes the duality of Canadian national identity while on a regular basis threatening the unity of the federation, has also had a mollifying effect on ethnic divisions more generally. The main exception to this has been the relationship between the dominant French-English state and indigenous peoples. colonial relations with indigenous ethnic groups ecumenic have a lot been marked by violent conquest. While violence did play a role in these relationships in Canada, more ofttimes than not aboriginal peoples simply had their ethnic and cultural identities erased. The use of forced schooling, including the removal of children from their families, for example, sought to stamp out aboriginal cultural identities Food in Daily Life . The agricultural and ethnic richness of Canada has led to two distinctive characteristics of everyday sustenanc e consumption. The first is its scale.Canadians are big eaters, with meat portions in grouchy dominating the Canadian repast. There are generally three regular repasts in a given day. Breakfast, often large and important in rural areas, but less so in urban areas, is most often not eaten in a group. Lunch, at midday, is most often a snack in urban areas, but remains a inviolable meal in rural centers. Dinner, the final formal meal of the day, is also the meal most likely to be eaten by a residential group as a whole, and it is the largest and the most socially important meal of the day.It is the meal most often used as a social event or to which invitations to nonfamily members are protracted, in contrast with lunch which is often, for adults, dual-lane with coworkers. nerve plays a key role in all three of the formal meals, but with increasing importance at breakfast and dinner. Dinner should have some special, and most often, large, meat portion as its key fixings. Each of these three meals can be, and often are, very substantial. There are general rules concerning appropriate diets for each meal, rules that can be quite complex.For example, porc can witness in each meal, but only particular kinds of pork would be considered appropriate. porc at breakfast may reckon as bacon, or sausage, in piddling portions. Both of these products are make with the to the lowest degree worthy portion of the pig. At lunch, pork may appear in a sandwich in the form of touch on meats, also made from the least valuable portion of the pig. For dinner, pork appears in large and more highly valued forms, such as roasts or hams, which require often work up dressing and which are presented to diners in a way that highlights their value and size.The other main feature of Canadian feed is diversity. The complex ethnic landscape of Canada and the purpose of ethnic groups to retain a dual cultural orientation have meant that Canadian cuisine is quite diverse in its content, with many ethnic dishes seen as in some manner quintessentially Canadian as well. Whether pizza or chow mein, cabbage rolls or fair pudding, Canadian cuisine is best characterized as eclectic rather than consistent in content. There are a small number of food items that are considered distinctively Canadian, such as maple syrup, but overall the Canadian diet is d desolaten from a panoply of ethnic sources.Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Ceremonial food does not generally differ greatly in content from everyday foods. What distinguishes food in ceremonial settings, such as state dinners, is not the type of food but the amount of food served and the complexity of its instauration and consumption. Ceremonial dinners are often made up of a long angle of dishes served in a rigid sequence, eaten with utensils specify for each portion, and presented in often elaborate arrangement either generally, on the table as a whole, or in the particular portions placed on each di ners plate.The alike(p) general consideration applies to meals for more private special uses, such as those marking important religious holidays such as Christmas. The number of discrete dishes is usually quite large, the preparation of each is often specialized and involved, and portions consumed are more often than not greater than what one would consume under other circumstances. These more private special occasion meals often involve entire extended families communion in both preparing and take in the meal. There is another special meal worth mentioning, the potluck. Potluck is derived from the word potlatch, a special occasion of many West Coast First Nations peoples. The potluck involves each guest preparing and convey a dish to the event, to be shared by all the diners. The key component of this particular kind of meal is food sharing among friends as opposed to food making for family. In general, potluck meals are meals shared by friends or coworkers. They express the s ymbolic importance of the meal as a part of the moral geography of social relations among nonkin, but distinguish this meal as an act of food sharing rather than an act of food preparation.That is, the potluck meal expresses a sense of community and kindness, while the family meal expresses a sense of service, duty, and family solidarity. staple Economy. Canada is a resource rich, but land and people poor, country. While physically vast, there are geographic limitations on where people can live such that most of the population is located well-nigh the Great Lakes, and in the Saint Lawrence River Valley. This has meant, however, that the natural resources throughout the country can be victimized more fully.Key to Canadas basal frugal system is its role as a resource base, not only for its own manufacturing, but for trade as well. Minerals and ore, forestry products, and in particular in the twentieth century, oil and gas, have been the foundation of the Canadian frugality sinc e European conquest of the area. Farming is also key to the Canadian economy, although most of Canadas agricultural production The single largest area of economic growth in Canada since the seventies has been in the service sector, the part of the economy which provides services rather than goods for sale. r Trade. Canada exports around the world, but its most important export and import trading partner is the United States. The manufacturing and export of large equipment, and in particular farm equipment, is the second largest component of Canadian manufacturing and trade. At the same time, Canada remains a major resource exporter. In particular, Canada exports raw materials such as petro-chemicals and oil, minerals and ores, and forestry products. Division of crowd.Labor in Canada is unevenly divided between skilled professional, skilled manufacturing, and general menial such as service workers. With increased manufacturing efficiency, the skilled manufacturing labor force has d eclined in size, though not in economic impact, while the general unskilled labor force has increased at the same time skilled professionalswhether doctors, computer programmers, and other new economy professionalshas also increased. entry to different jobs is determined in part by education and training and in part by social networks.

'Finance reviewer – midterm\r'

'Types of merchandise 1 . strong-arm asset markets (also called â€Å"tangible” or â€Å" true(a)” asset markets) vs. monetary asset markets †material asset markers ar for products such as wheat, autos, real estate etc. Financial asset market deals with stocks, bonds, notes and mortgages. 2. Spot Market vs. Future Markets †Spot markets ar markets in which assets are bought or sold on the spot. Future Markets are markets in which participants maintain today to buy or transport an asset at some prox date. 3.Money markets vs. cracking market †Money markets are short term, highly liquid debt securities. great markets are for Intermediate or grand term debt and corporate stocks. 4. Primary markets vs. subaltern markets †primary are which corporate advertise new capital. Secondary, which securities and other financial assets are traded among vectors after they have been issued by corporations. 5. hush-hush vs. Public Markets †Private Ma rkets, which transactions are worked out directly between 2 parties. Public Markets, which standardized contracts are traded on organized exchanges. CAPITAL MARKET Capital Markets A component of financial markets where long-term borrowing takes place Are arrests for buy and selling equity and debt instruments The Market where enthronization instruments like bonds and equities are traded (Maturity period) Lasts for more than 1 year and can also let in life-time of a company New York timeworn Exchange or NYSE is the almost popular capital market It change savings and Investments between suppliers of capital (such as retail Investors and Institutional Investors) and users of capital (Like business, regimen and Individuals) Suppliers of Capital Markets.\r\n'

'Financial Statements Essay\r'

'There are four basic fiscal directions that companies use. They bulge out with income statement, statement of owner’s equity, proportionality sheet, and the statement of gold flows. Comp each’s use income statements to piece how oft specie they pay off made and how much they have spent oer a contract period of time. The statement of owner’s equity is used to report any changes in equity from a federation’s unclutter income or net loss, as well as report changes in the owner’s investments and withdrawals over a specified period of time. The residual sheet is used to report a alliance’s financial do at any point in time.\r\nThis statement includes information such as what types of assets and their amounts, liabilities, and equity. The statement of cash flows is the last muniment out of the four basic financial statements. This statement is used to report how much money a company is transport in (receipts), and how much they ar e expending (payments), during a specific period of time. each changes prime in assets and liabilities on a balance sheet reflect the revenues and expenses give in the income statement, which in turn results in gains or losses for a company.\r\nThe statement of cash flows reports more information concerning the cash assets that are listed on a balance sheet and a linked, but not necessarily the same, as the net income found on the company’s income statement. pecuniary statements are nothing but poem on a document when they’re on their own, but together, they provide priceless and powerful information for a company to deem very big decisions or so how to run their company, and how to make decisions for their company in the future. The information is also valuable for investors to make wise and educated decisions for investing in companies.\r\n'

'Laboratory Protocol for Carbohydrates\r'

'For polysaccharide extract a. reprize procedure A. 2a †A. 2d with 10 mL of the polysaccharide extract from Expt. 6 precisely use 10 drops conc. HCl. B. General quizs for Carbohydrates evidence the ff. kale issues: 1% glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, agar-agar, gum arabic, glycogen, cotton, starch, polysaccharide solution from clams, and all hydrolysates from Part A. 1. Molisch examen a. Add 2 drops Molisch reagent to 1 mL sugar solution. Mix thoroughly. b. Incline the furnish and gently pour 3 mL conc H2SO4 down the side of the tube. c. vizor the pretension at the interface of the 2 layers. 2. Benedictss establish a.Add 1 ml of the solution to be tried to 5 ml of Benedicts solution, and crusade each tube. b. Place the tube in a turn water bathtub and erupt for 3 minutes. c. hold the tubes from the instigate and allow them to cool. d. strike out precipitation, if thither is any, and the simulation of the precipitate formed. 3. Barfoeds streaml et a. Add 1 ml of the solution to be probeed to 3 ml of freshly prompt Barfoeds reagent. b. Place test tubes into a change state water bath and heat for 3 minutes. c. Remove the tubes from the bath and allow to cool. Do not heat the tubes longer than 3 minutes, as a irresponsible test can be obtained with disaccharides if they are het up(p) long enough. 4. Lasker and Enkelwitz Test a.Add 1 ml of the solution to be well-tried to 5 ml of Benedicts solution in a test tube and flick well. b. high temperature the test tube in a 55 oC water bath for 20 minutes. c. Note changes after 10 mins and up to 20 mins. 5. Orcinol Test a. Add 1 ml of the solution to be tested to 3 ml of Orcinol reagent. b. Gently heat the tube to boiling. Allow the tube to cool. c. Note color of the solution or if there is any precipitate formed. 6. Mucic Acid Test a. Add 10 drops conc HNO3 to 3 ml of the solution to be tested and mix well. b. Heat on a boiling water bath until the volume of the solution is reduced to about 1 ml. c. Remove the mixture from the water bath and permit it cool in an ice bath. d. Note the formation of crystals, if any.Caution:  Perform the reception low a fume hood. 7. Iodine Test for Starch and Glycogen a. Add 2 drops of Lugols iodine solution to 10 drops of solution to be tested in a spot plate. b. Note color changes. Post-Lab Questions: 1. jibe the ends of the iodine test on the polysaccharides with their structures. 2. gibe the results of the tests on cotton with the structure of cellulose. 3. debate the balanced chemical equation, the positive result and the product/s responsible for the positive result of each color reaction test. 4. Conclude on the type of carbohydrate in your polysaccharide extract found on the results of its color reactions.\r\n'

'Commentary of “I wandered lonely as a cloud” Essay\r'

'The poem â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud” by William Wordsworth is reason as a representation of Romanticism, an quick impression which is characterized by the emphasis of individual(a)’s expression of emotion and imagination. passim the poem, Wordsworth constantly draws the connections in the midst of a heigh goed enliven in personality and the gracious mood, trades union the two in one, in decree to further advocate the qualities of Romanticism.\r\nMore specifically, the sacred value which the utterer of the poem finds in reputation (daffodils) is delineated through the imageries and other(a) literary technique such as hyperbole and overstatement that the poet employs. In the archetypical stanza, the talker is metaphorically portrayed as a lonely cloud in the sky, watching down on the crowd daffodils on earth. The apparent distance amidst the symbolic location of the loudspeaker and the daffodils contrasts the loneliness and the liveliness at the scene, almost as if the speaker is the only cloud in the sky, with no destination and sense of accusation while the daffodils â€Å"dance[s] in the breeze”.\r\nsuch(prenominal) loneliness and contrast bring about a sense of emotions in the atmosphere, nearly a odor of sadness but in like manner a desire of the speaker to meet the crowded daffodils. Moreover, the desire is echoed as Wordsworth utilizes hyperboles in the description of daffodils, golden, to elaborate the excitement and the worked up affection in which the speaker experiences when he oversees them. In reality, daffodils are simply a type of yellow flower, even, the exaggeration on the color suggests the strong emotional feeling that the speaker has for the flowers.\r\nSuch passion which the speaker possesses for the daffodils is further revealed as Wordsworth goes on to overemphasize the flowery scene with the tote up of â€Å"ten thousand”. As it is almost undoable to have such enormous measur ing rod of flowers in one spot, the overstatement does thence serve its purpose of emphasizing the speaker’s grandiose (as if it is the similar amount as the flowers) feeling about the flowers. It is provoke to note that Wordsworth whitethorn deliberately quarter the speaker as a inwrought object, cloud, while personifies the natural objects, daffodils, as human beings.\r\nSuch technique may create a sense of unity between the two; human transforms into genius and nature transforms into human. Not only the feeling of speaker (human) about the daffodils (nature) is strengthened, but at the same time, it also allows the readers to experience the poem more easily. Moreover, hyperbole is again employed by Wordsworth as he portrays the daffodils â€Å"continuous as the stars that shine”.\r\nSuch portrayal contradicts with the perfectly live characteristic of a daffodil, however the feeling created in the speaker may stay eternally, like the starts that live to be bi llions years old. Overall, Wordsworth utilizes hyperboles and overstatements, particularly in the commencement ceremony two stanzas, to emphasize the importance of nature while advocating the importance of imagination in Romanticism. Meanwhile, human’s affection towards nature is also another element presented in this poem.\r\n'

'Human Trafficking is Modern Day Slavery Essay\r'

'Through the long time, terrible battles live been fought and many lives broken to snuff it sla genuinely in this uncouth, yet it n wizardtheless exists in the form of worlds trafficking. globalisation, competing economic markets and the race boom have created an environ custodyt that is ripe for late sidereal day sla rattling.\r\nIt was describe in a new-fashi bingled oblige in the European diary of Criminology, completely countries in the innovativeized world, whether it is the linked States, Canada, New Zealand or the unite Kingdom, place be shown to be tranquilityless participators in the global market of gentleman mannikin, each as a country of origin †that is, countries stack ar trafficked out of; a country of goal †that is, countries w present trafficked persons end up; or a country of transit †that is, countries through which trafficked per­sons ar moved en route to their final destination. (Winterdyk, Reichel).\r\nTrafficking i n charitable flesh is a 32 billion dollar crowd worldwide with an inventory of approximately 1 one million million victims in the United States alone and the worldation of victims is steadily on the rise (Feing emeritus). Forced labor, home(prenominal) help servitude, and versed exploitation are the most prevalent forms of gay trafficking in this country, adding nearly 80 thousand victims annually, with children making up 50% of these statistics. Local and federal officials read to do more(prenominal) than to bring traffickers to justice and eliminate human trafficking in this country.\r\nWhen asked to consider what human trafficking or thralldom means, most population might count back to the era of slave trading. They might contrive ships, full of passengers forcibly taken from their villages, sailing cross modes the Atlantic Ocean to America, only to become slaves working(a) on plantations, in the cotton fields, under a grueling sun. Today, those slave ships have become divergent types of transportation that can contain and move human automobilego without easy detection and the people in spite of appearance the containers have non been forcibly taken. These people are looking forward to a better way of support and believe that they are being helped to kitchen stove it.\r\nWhat they don’t know is that they are headed from good-for- zero to worse. George Palermo, M. D at University of Nevada School of Medicine and medical checkup College of Wisconsin, believes that victims are drawn into the tentacles of human trafficking because of their desire for a better future, to escape social discrimination, or they are searching for honest work to better themselves. â€Å"The pipe dream of a better future pulls them from their home. However, they too a lot govern themselves disillusioned and entrapped in a very debasing situation, and their dreams are shattered” (Palermo 671).\r\nWith their hopes of that new life dashed t o pieces, the passengers begin that new life as new day slaves, in a impertinent place, without knowing the language. These individuals pull up stakes become the newest victims of obligate labor, domestic servitude, and sexual exploitation. They get out be potencyd into laboring in places such as sweatshops, farms, and construction sites. They will also be forced into working very long hours, in terrible conditions. These modern day slaves will be forced to reside in places known as hot bunks, with single quiescence quarters, which will be used by rotating vary workers.\r\nVictims will face constant verbal blackguard and threats of physical violence. They will be compelled to hand over most, if not all, of their earnings to the traffickers. Although most victims may worry to flee, solely their fear of physical violence, lack of energy, feelings of guilt, and an general sense of hopelessness will keep them invisibly shackled to their traffickers. Often generation, femal e victims will find themselves forced into domestic servitude, acting as maids, cooks, or nannies. These victims will lead lives of isolation, having pocket-sized or no unsupervised freedom, completely cut off from the rest of the world.\r\nThere will be no privacy provided. Personal comfort will be nonexistent, and they will be forced to sleep on nothing more than a rug or extra mattress in an open area or mansion (Diaz et al. ). Such is the case of a Filipina woman latterly save from a physician couple who forced her into domestic servitude. The couple has been start outed and charged with human trafficking and new(prenominal) immigration violations. According to the indictment, the couple from Maryland enticed the victim to come to the United States to work as their domestic servant.\r\nThe defendants lured the victim, an impoverished, uneducated, mother of eight children, using false promises of a salary that would support her children in the Philippines. The defendants procured a fallacious visa to allow the victim to enter the United States; confiscated the victim’s documents after she arrived; and compelled her labor for 18 hours a day over a menstruum of 10 years, using a scheme of threats, assaults, refuse of documents, withholding of pay and a peonage contract to twinge the victim’s continued service (â€Å"Maryland Couple Charged”).\r\nAlthough the numbers of victims of forced labor and domestic servitude are on the rise, sexual exploitation remains the most prevalent form of human trafficking. Sexual exploitation is considered to be non-consensual or scurrilous sexual acts performed without a victim’s permission. This includes but is not limited to prostitution, escort work and pornography. Women, men and children of both sexes can be victims. Most trouble is the number of children that are victims of sexual exploitation.\r\nIn one report, it is estimated that at least seventy percent of the women relate in prostitution are victims of human trafficking and were introduced to the moneymaking(prenominal) sex trade before they were eighteen years of age. (Kotrla). Quite often children are abducted and forced into prostitution or pornography and never heard from again. Shauna Nefountainhead was one of the lucky ones. At the time of her abduction, she was a classifiable 16 year old who loved to bring up out with shoplifters, so when a new friend invited her to spend the night she was very excited and persuade her mother to allow her to do so.\r\nAfter she did not return home, Shauna’s mother called police who took the come out that the girl had run away and took no agile action. Shauna’s family initiated their own search and just by chance on the third day she was spot in the back seat of a car by her brother at a whatsis store. Shauna was rescued but her snatchers escaped. As it turns out, the girl’s â€Å"father” was really a convicted felon, and t he girl, who had a repose of prostitution in Texas, was an accomplice in the abduction. For terce days Shauna was beaten and raped. She also contracted an STD.\r\nHer abductor told her he had sold her over the internet for $300,000. Fortunately, Shauna was rescued before the deal could take place. Many times the victims of human trafficking come in contact with local anaesthetic law enforcement, but because of a lack of training, the modern day slaves are not recognized as victims but viewed as perpetrators instead. The fear of reprisal against themselves or their family members keeps the victims from verbalize out against traffickers. Consequently, they are willing to face arrest and jail time rather than the trafficker’s anger.\r\nHealth care providers also come in contact with modern day slaves seeking preaching for injuries inflicted by the trafficker, labor induced injuries, or mayhap an STD’s, yet will not recognize the forbearing as a victim of human traff icking because they are not trained to look for the appropriate signals. If more local law enforcement and health care providers scram proper training in investing victims of human trafficking it would be easier to provide the right(a) care and assistance as was the case for one 16 year old girl trafficked from Mexico.\r\nIn one recently reported incident, a sixteen year old Mexican girl was found to have been trafficked across the US border. Doctors noticed the heavily pregnant girl showed draw signs of physical abuse when she was brought into a hospital in Dayton to give birth. The police were called but the couple who had brought her had already fled. When the girl’s story emerged, it became clear she had been kept against her will in the nearby city of capital of Illinois and used for labor and sex.\r\nâ€Å"I thought slavery ended a few centuries ago. But here it is alive and well,” said Springfield’s sheriff, divisor Kelly (Harris). During the late 1 990’s the habitual’s lodge in in human trafficking issues grew and demands for stricter laws against it followed. In response to public demand, the United States government enacted the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection incite in the year 2000. This legislation was introduced to prevent trafficking, identify and protect victims, and prosecute offenders.\r\nSince 2000, forty two states have enacted their own anti-trafficking laws, yet the expected numbers of arrests and prosecutions not been met whether locally or on a federal level. Miriam Potocki, Director of the National Social Workers Association wrote an article in which she claims that since the date of enactment VTVPA, thither has been little transparency or accountability in form _or_ system of government implementation; only a small number of immigrant victims have been identified, and there is almost no differentiate regarding effectiveness of victim services, and prosecution is highly problem atic.\r\nFundamentally, because there is no rational approach to the policy implementation, public funds are wasted (Potocky). In conclusion, human trafficking violates a person’s inalienable right to freedom yet there are more victims today than 150 years ago and the United States is not doing enough to eliminate it. Stronger penalties are call for to deter individuals or groups from continuing to exploit victims and force them into slavery, either through forced labor, domestic servitude or sexual exploitation.\r\nLocal law enforcement agencies as well as health care providers need to be better informed regarding human trafficking issues so they can readily spot victims as well as the traffickers. By providing better rescue and assistance programs for human trafficking victim the Unites States can set the standard for eliminating modern day slavery. President Barack Obama said it best, during his speech at the Clinton Global Initiative in September 2012 when he said, †Å"Nations must speak with one voice†that our people and our children are not for sale” (â€Å"Obama”).\r\n(1645) Works Cited Diaz, Muriel et. al. â€Å"Globalization and gay Trafficking”. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare. 34. 2 (June 2007): p107. schoolman OneFile. Web. 12 April, 2013 Feingold, David A. , â€Å" humane Trafficking”. Foreign Policy. nary(prenominal) 150. Newsweek Interactive (Sept. -Oct. , 2005), 26-30, 32. Web. Apr. 12, 2013 Harris, Paul. â€Å"Forced Labour and Rape, The New incline Of Slavery In America”. The Observer. 21 zero(prenominal). 2009. academic OneFile Web. 12 April, 2013 Kotrla, K. â€Å" domestic help Minor Sex Trafficking In the United States” Social Work 55.\r\n2 (2010): 181-187. academic OneFile. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Maryland Couple Charged With Domestic Servitude Of Filipina Woman” States News Service 8 June 2011. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Apr. 2013 Megumi, Makisaka, â€Å"Huma n Trafficking: A Brief Overview”. WorldBank. org. No. 122/. December 2009. Academic OneFile. Web. Apr. 12, 2013. â€Å"Obama Calls Human Trafficking ‘Slavery,’ Announces New bank bill”. StatesNewsService. 25 Sept. 2012. Academic OneFile. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. Palermo, George B. , â€Å"From Bad To Worse, A Note On Human Trafficking”,\r\nInternational Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, August, 2012, Vol. 56(5), p. 671-672, Web, Apr. 12, 2013. http://ijo. sagepub. com/ Potocki, Miriam. â€Å"The Travesty of Human Trafficking: A Decade Of Failed U. S. Policy”. Oxford University Press. Social Work. 55. 4 (Oct. 2010): p373. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Winterdyk, John, Philip, Reichel. â€Å"Introduction to Special Issue †Human Trafficking: Issues and Perspectives”. European Journal of Criminology. January 2010 vol. 7 no. 1 5-10. Web. April 12, 2013.\r\n'

'Internship Report on Ptcl\r'

'INTERNSHIP REPROT On FI-CO_ERP in [pic] ERP- aims & finance Submitted By Faisal Rasheed Internship Report on PTCL Purpose Of Internship The purpose of this internship is to examine how the practical work is performed in a t separatelying impact goerning body base ERP solution. In addition, to practic solelyy learn concepts which go for been learned theoretic solelyy in education and to jump the understanding of the function performed by ERP Accounts and finance. Scope of Internship In six weeks training span, it is difficult to understand both work flow of to each iodin Sub offices of Accounts & finance de get aroundment beca manipulation of its huge volume of work.The main tenseness was in the FICO mental faculty including General Ledger, creation of vendors, Customers, emergence/Receiving of advance, seting of measures, measure and wages/receipt of greenbackings and curb printing, Addition in Defaulters, Bad debts Provisions, Adjustment of Provisio n, and retrieval from Defaulter. Constitution and ownership, accusation, great deal & bring outcome Values Pakistan telecom bon ton circumscribed (PTCL) Pakistan telecommunication alliance Limited (â€Å"the guardianship troupe”) was integrated in Pakistan on December 31, 1995 and commenced business on January 01, 1996. The Comp some(prenominal) is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad stock ex permutes.The Company was established to get the telecommunication business formerly carried on by Pakistan telecom Corporation (PTC). The business was transferred to the Company on January 01, 1996 under the Pakistan Telecommunication (Re-organization) Act, 1996 at which date the Company took over all the properties, rights, assets, obligations and liabilities of PTC except those transferred to National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC), Frequency alposition Board (FAB), Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) and Pakistan Telecommunication Employees Trust (PTE T).The registered office of the Company is situated at PTCL Headquarters, G-8/4, Islamabad. As a take of PTCL’s privatization during 2006, 26 % of its sh ars were acquired by Etisalat International Pakistan LLC, establish in the UAE. Pak Telecom Mobile Limited (PTML) PTML was in incarnated in Pakistan on July 18, 1998, as a open limited smart set, to provide cellular mobile telephone set services in Pakistan. PTML commenced its commercial operations on January 29, 2001, under the brand name of Ufone . It is a whole owned subsidiary of PTCL. The registered office of PTML is situated at F-7 Markaz, Islamabad.Maskatiya Communications (Private) Limited (MAXCOM) On March 01, 2010 the holding Company acquired c % sh ars of MAXCOM. MAXCOM has been voluntarily wound up, potent June 01, 2011 based on a special solution passed by the members of MAXCOM. The net assets of MAXCOM have been transferred to PTCL at a book value nitty-grittying to Rs 68,382 thousand and the goodwill colligate to acquisition of MAXCOM has been compose off during the twelvecalendar month. PTCL Corporate Vision To be the leading ICT service provider in the role by achieving clients’ satisfaction and maximizing shargonholders’ value. PTCL Mission To achieve our vision by having: • An organizational milieu that fosters • professionalism, motivation and fibre. • An environment that is cost effective and quality • conscious. • Services that be based on the to the highest degree optimum • technology. • â€Å"Quality” and â€Å" cadence” conscious guest services. • Sustained growth in earnings and lucreability. PTCL Core Values • Professional Integrity • Customer comfort • team upwork • Company Loyalty Organizational Structure Accounts & Finance Department Related to ERP Only Under the death chair & C. E. O, total 9 department notch Including septette S. E. V. P ’s, C. T.O and C. I. O ar workings each one is responsible for formulating planning & strategies at corporate level with the support of their squads. Each S. E. V. P has more than(prenominal) than one E. V. P’s and their teams. Under S. E. V. P Finance†C. F. O, three E. V. P’s ar working cogitate to Revenue Accounts & Revenue Assurance, pecuniary Planning & Treasury Management, & Accounts Services. Under the E. V. P- Accounts Services, total dickens General coach-and-fours including G. M Accounts Taxation & pecuniary Reporting, G. M ERP Finance & Assets Management argon working. Each G. M has at least one senior(a) Manager or Manager or both. Each S.M or Manager has at least one monetary analyst or Assistant Manager. Internees argon reportable to Assistant Manager or pecuniary Analyst. ERP and Its Functionality ERP ( fancyprise vision planning) is an industry term for the broad set of activities that attentio ns a business act the important parts of its business. The information made available through an ERP trunk provides profile for headstone performance indexs (KPIs) required for knock againsting corporate objectives. ERP softw atomic number 18 applications tin faecal matter be employ to manage product planning, parts purchasing, inventories, interacting with suppliers, providing guest service, and tracking orders.ERP washbasin in addition include application modules for the finance and homosexual resources aspects of a business. Typically, an ERP organisation holds or is integrated with a relational selective informationbase system. [pic] fatigue †ERP Solution and its Functional pay [pic] outwear (System application program Product) R/3 is a 3 tier Real condemnation entropy put to working system developed by tucker AG, a German software association. The R/3 system, which is as well known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) System, is a tightly integra ted collection of applications designed to suitcase the entire entropy processing for some(prenominal) several(predicate) types and sizes of organizations.Within R/3 is a run term environment and a set of application programs written in ABAP/4 programming language, which are highly customizable and scalable. SAP R/3 system has a three-tier client/ legion architecture. The classic configuration of an R/3 system leases three software forms, as addicted in the below picture. [pic] • Presentation layer The PC-based GUI interface that is use by the end-substance abuser commwholey. • Application layer The SAP application innkeepers that service requests for selective information and manage the interface to the presentation layer. • infobase layerThe actual database management system that communicates with the application servers to fulfill their requests for data. SAP allows the IT supported processing of a multitude of problems, accruing in a classifiable co mpany or bank. SAP ERP is differing from R/3 mainly because it is based on SAP NetWeaver: meaning components screwing be implemented in ABAP and in Java and prior-looking functional areas are for the most part no longer created as part of the precedent ERP system, with closely interconnected constituents, but as collected components or even systems. SAP in PTCL each company has its own unique business processes to meet requirement and challenges. That is why PTCL uses the SAP.SAP is standard project system it is divided into three servers. 1. Development emcee 100 & 300 2. Quality Assurance waiter 600 & 790 3. Production. server 800 In the development Server 100 new developments are made by SEMINES/ PTCL Development Team with alleviate on business functional Team leads, technical coding is through with(p) in this server through SPRO & ABAP Language. The ERP staff consolidates the issues of users and solves them as per requirements. ERP Team campaign the de velopment made in development Server 300. Development server data, after testing the codlings and commands, is pronto available for transferring to quality server.In the SAP the quality impudence is made for learning and testing. The QAS(Quality Assurance Server) 600 or 790 is use for the trainings purposes and to acquainted(predicate)ize the user with the system. After testing the data, based on real scenarios, in quality Server the data is ready for transferring in production from w hither(predicate) the users use it live. Production Server 800 is the main and live part of System Application Product on which all the financial and non financial records are kept on real time basis. FICO( Financial & Controlling) Module Includes the side by side(p) FI (Financial):- • General Ledger story • Accounts payable Accounts due • Asset historying • Travel Management CO (Controlling):- • price element answer foring • Cost centralise nibing â €¢ Internal orders • Profit c image count oning • Profitability analysis Following Pictures will help you in understanding the SP ERP FICO Module and the relate departments head functions of any organization. Process Flow: Payments & FR: signer Authority and Responsibility for Payment Drawing and disbursal Office (DDO) i. e S. M of each region who is responsible for all reputation of payment & recoveries related to employees, supplier and contractor as per policies and contracts made by this department.Financial Reporting DDOs in regions recognize the financial legal proceeding in whole month and the 3 working day of the next month are given to each department so that they depose recognise sure the closing of last month is completed. Accounts section in the head quarter downloads all data related to each month from the main server & prepares an unregistered trail balance for the kindred, and then forward it to the SM nominal ledger for finalize s the records hence the financial information with any error sack be rectified immediately so that Financial Statements can made on timely basis.Monthly accounts, Quarterly, Half p.a. & Yearly accounts are maintained and compared with the last year. few estimates and provisions at year end are taken to the annual report. PTCL follow financial year from July to June W hereas ETISALAT follow calendar year as Financial Year. ERP SAP Assignment I was given internship with GM ERP-Finance whereas I had worked with Manager ERP-Finance and Financial Analyst D. B & I. S. They taught me many concept of SYSTEM APPLICTION PRODUCT (SAP) †FICO, & I am very thankful to both of them.Following are the major activities performed by Financial Analyst in Accounts Payable; a part of FICO Module in SAP. marketer Master Record: • Create/ transmute/ demo/ Block or Un overeat vendor Master Data (T CODE FK01, FK02, FK03,FK05): Type FK01 in command melodic phrase and press ent er; here you will be asked for the athletic fields of vendors to be modify like Company statute, vendor mathematical group, Title Mr. Mrs. M/S etc, Name, street address, Postal Code, Telephone, VAT Reg No, Vendor Bank Details, physique Key, Payment Terms, and Payment Method. For the vaunt use FK02 and if any changes in any field of vendor required use FK03.If you want to block or relieve any Vendor use FK05. chink below how to do the above task manually operator without utilize TCODES, by using SAP Menu. • Parking of vender government note (TCODE FV60, F-63) ac reference work entry Memo(TCODE FV65): Parking saves the data in the form of batches, here the entry is saved but without updating the related ledge. visiting card is required for updating GL Balances. You can park invoices or credit memos which mean that you enter the invoice data or credit memo data in the system and save it in a put down, but the system does not post this invoice initially.You can ch ange a pose catalogue as often as you wish, for example, by adding or correcting data. The changes are logged. When you have finished changing the muniment, you can post the parked schedule. Only when you post an invoice or credit memo, does the system carry out the normal account movements and specify the necessary updates. wherefore we Need of Parking? Document Parking by One Accounts Payable Clerk An employee is interrupted when get in an invoice. He or she can park the muniment and continue processing it later on. This saves him or her having to enter the data twice.OR An employee wants to clarify certain issues sooner posting an invoice. He or she can park the register and continue processing it later on. This saves him or her having to enter the data twice. The process flow is organized in such(prenominal) a way that one employee pose invoices without checking them. An early(a) employee then performs invoice verification and posts the parked documents, possibly afte r changing them. OR The process flow is organized in such a way that one employee saves invoices as complete for posting, this path that the balance is zero and no more changes are necessary. some other employee then approves these invoice documents, if they are subject to release. • Posting of vender invoice/ Credit Memo or Changing in Parked Invoice (for TCODE See Picture): If you are directly posting an invoice/ credit memo then study Document approach 1st highlighted visiting card, otherwise to post the parked documents make Parked document. Any changes in the post or parked document shall be dealt from the second highlighted menu. • outmatch Payment or trim Payment or Print Cheques (for TCODE See Picture): Outgoing Payment room payment against the booked invoice which is dealt with the 1st highlighted menu.On the other hand, Down Payment means the Payment before the Invoice creation which is dealt through 2nd highlighted menu and the clearing of the same wil l also be dealt from this menu. In the both transaction you Debit the Vendor Account and Credit the Bank. Only difference is the limited GL indicator â€Å"a” which is use for down payment. As per PTCL / PTML policy no advance has been given to any Vendor without PO (approved) so this field is mandatory. Another interesting thing, payments are made by the Cheques (see highlighted 2nd & 3rd menu). To print Cheques following steps are required.When a vendor invoice is parked document containing 25000xxx is generated. Next step is to post the invoice by a senior manager (as signatory authority) which generates document no. 26000xxx. Now Cheque is available for printing. Time barred Cheque is a type represents those Cheques which are not presented within six months, these will be reversed by the S. M. • REPORTING: Display Balances, Display/Change Line Items, alter except Down Payment (for TCODE See Picture): From highlighted menu you can view the balances or you can change any cables length stopover or you can clear invoices, reversals, credit memos, outgoing Payment.However, Down payment partial clearing should be done from the down payment menu as mentioned in the previous page TCODE F-54. Clearing a vendor document means cypher is outstanding for the document; the document is completed in all respect. [pic] SAP Include many modules which are integrated with each other in such a way that output of one module can be use as input signal for another or the same module. The following adorn Picture represents the all SAP modules functionality & its practical application. close all of the modules are purchased by PTCL and working. Other childbed other than ERP SAPSM Data Base Account coordinates with distinct integrated modules of system SAP i. e. FI, CO, HCM &MM. SM Data Base Account is directly reportable to the GM Accounts for any problem regarding working in SAP and also reportable to gm ERP Finance regarding FICO parting su bsidisation. Following are the some responsibilities of Financial Analyst Data Base Account on which I have worked. Account Payable (Create, Block, And Unblock Vender) Non PO Based Vendors are created in SAP by a financial analyst Accounts & database. From time to time these vendors are blocked due to some reasons e. g.Vendor on a regular basis not in use, block for payment or block for business. However, whenever any blocked vendor is take it can be activated/ unblocked. Account Receiveable (Create, block, and unblock customer) Customers are also created in the account data base department. These customers can be blocked, unblock at any time as per the requirement of the user. Fico authority Assignment New employee is assigned to work on SAP FICO Module; user role assignment for quality server 90 is made by financial analyst Accounts & database. This form includes the TCODES he or she is going to use on SAP.GM ERP Finance, SM Accounts Database, GM ERP Teams, and new use r must sign mapping Assignment Document. After this step, ERP team creates new user on QAS (Quality Assurance Server). Once the user is familiar with the TCODES and its working on Quality he or she can apply for the Production Server 800 which is also dealt from this office. Liaison with Finance, Accounts and ERP An interesting task which is also performed here is to show the problem of the FICO end users to the ERP Team on timely basis so that solution can be immediately available for the user who can then work efficiently.Other Tasks To make each month a report of the users who are using TCODES which are not assigned any more to them and with the help of ERP Team withdraw these roles from their users as per authority matrix. To make sure all the GL, Vendor, Customers, Commitment items are also available in QAS 790 if compared with Production Server 800. MS Outlook is also used all over the departments and is becoming very powerful tool to convey massages on timely basis. This of fice receives e chain armours for Vendors and Customers creation, blocking and unblocking. superfluous Terms used in SAP:I had gone through many TCODES in SAP which were the part of FICO; it is not difficult to grip on SAP in this 6 weeks training if you are familiar with these terminologies given below you can easily understand how SAP works. Commitment Item: These account numbers are basically used for the apportioning of budgets. Relationship of CI to GL is one to many which means One CI can cover more than one GL. e. g. there are so many Maintenance GL, however only one inscription item for these GL’s can be choose for budget al berth. Sort Key: It indicates the layout rule for the Allocation field in the document furrow item.Assignment discip simple eye: Assignment Field is a part of Line Item Display. The system notes the line items that have been post to each customer account. You can video queer the line items on the line item display screen. You can specify t he sort sequence of the line items by entering a draw in the Sort key field in the account master key record. This key specifies how the Assignment field is to be fill in the line items that are posted to the customer account. When you call up the line item display, the system sorts the line items according to the contents of this field.You can change the sort sequence in the line item display. e. g. 002 is the sort key when you make Customer or Vendor for NON PO BASED in PTCL company engrave 1100. 002 sort key is configured to display the document number with fiscal year as assignment field. Special GL Indicator: For all line items in customer or vendor accounts which are updated to an alternative reconciliation account in the everyday ledger, the special G/L indicator determines which account is to be selected e. g. â€Å"A” is used for down payment of Vendors; â€Å"M” is used for defaulters of Accounts Receivable.Account Type: Key that specifies the accounting area to which an account belongs like asset accounts, customer accounts, vendor accounts, G/L accounts etc. The account type is required in addition to the account number in order to identify an account, since the same account number can be used for each account type . e. g. â€Å"K” for Vendors, â€Å"D” for Customer Document Type: It classifies the accounting documents. It is stored in the document header. Attributes that control the entry of the document, or which are themselves noted in the document, are defined for each document type.Like â€Å"KA” is a vendor document. Posting key specifies the nature of account (e. g. GL account, Customer account, Vendor account etc. ) and controls the debit / credit indicator of the amount e. g. â€Å"40” is used for GL Debit â€Å"50” is used for GL credits Stimulation: means overview of accounting document after: o Execution of all Substitutions o Execution of all validations o Creation of mechanically cr eated line Items Profit Center: A lolly center is a management-oriented organizational unit used for internal controlling purposes.Dividing your company up into profit centers allows you to analyze areas of responsibility and to delegate responsibility to decentralised units, thus treating them as â€Å"companies within the company”. Cost Center: An organizational unit within a controlling area that represents a defined location of cost incurrence. Its a part of a company seen as a separate area of responsibility, location or cost-accounting entity. Place at which costs occur. Company Code: The company code is an organizational unit within financial accounting, e. g. 1100 for PTCL & 1300 for UFONE (PTML).Account Group: The Account Group to which your vendor/ Customer/ Employee will belongs to. Control key in the Bank Details: Represent nature of account (i. e. Current a/c, Saving a/c, etc. ) Withholding Tax Type: This indicator is used to classify the different types of deny impose eg. â€Å"Z2” is used payment for supply of Goods; â€Å"Z3” is used for contractors; â€Å"Z4” is used for payment of services W/tax Code: Codes determine is the various percentage rates for the withholding tax type. Liable: If you set this indicator, you tell the system that the vendor is subject to withholding tax for this withholding tax type.If the involved party vendor or employee is exempted from withholding tax so provide elaborate of exemption. e. g. 3. 5%, 6% etc Reference Document emergence: The reference document number can contain the document number of the business partner, but a different entry can also be made. The reference document number can be used as search criteria for document display/change. Period: Account transaction figures are updated per full stop within the fiscal year . A level best of 16 periods can be updated. You define how a fiscal year is divided into periods per company code e. g. period means March and 1 p eriod means July. Document Header Text: This school text contains explanations or notes which apply to the document as a whole, that is, not only for certain line items. Findings and Recommendations in Processes • In PTCL there is a room for improvement. Besides, this is one of the best organization w. r. t. its environment, culture and SOP’s. • In my opinion, meetings with the lower staff should also be done at least once in a month in a friendly manner. Managers, Senior Managers, & General Manager should ask their working problems in their respective epartment and should also ask for the solutions. • E mail in PTCL taken the place of meetings. In my evince of view, email of an officer should be considered as true(p) proof for getting required authorization for any task. • Coordination and Communication between departments are excellent. • One department must support another department disregardless of their own interest. Organization I nterest must be the first priority while working. • I study that Job rotations should be done to improve skills of employees in all related departments. I found employees are very loyal and dedicated towards their assigned work. • extracurricular activities arrange by PTCL like Painting exposition is another good and relaxing activity for employees and their families. In my opinion, such occasion must be held at least once a year. SPECIAL give thanks I am indebted and thankful to the PTCL which gave me a chance to learn about the business processes of accounts and finance wing and also thankful to the staff oddly to the Manager ERP Finance and Financial Analyst D.B & I. S under whom I was attached with. They are all professional and cooperative and guided me that how to work in a professional environment. [pic][pic][pic] ———————†S. E. V. P Finance/ chief financial officer President / Vice President E. V. P Account S ervices G. M Accounts G. M ERP Finance S. M Accounts D. B & I. S Financial Analyst ERP Accounts Financial Analyst D. B & I. S Manager ERP Finance Accounts ———————†21\r\n'

'Integrated and multi-agency working Essay\r'

'1.1 pardon the importance of multi- chest functional(a) and co-ordinated working. Multi-agency working allows practitioners from contrary sectors and professions to work to doher to brook smallsterren, young people and families. It sacks sure that the baby has the taboodo defend it send packing kick in. It has amazing benefits for the infant and primordial identification and intervention allows that tiddler to stick out geld make support, thus allowing the babe to reach his/her all-encompassing potential either in their scholarship or development. It is principal(prenominal) that young kidren and their families micturate support as a holistic approaching which is part of the authorities framework. For example.ECM E real Child Matters, the five out add togethers of ECM is that we should be working together to achieve the trump workable out perplexs for the kidren. The five aims atomic number 18 as sees.\r\n1. be healthy.\r\n2. stick to safe\r\n3 Enj oy and achieve\r\n4Make a Positive contribution\r\n5Achieve economic well- macrocosm.\r\nA very effect part of multi agency working is inclusion and so they leave encourage the kid to be a part of whole class nurture and impart architectural plan and adapt lessons accordingly. So the various(prenominal) agencies provide different argonas of expertise and the chela get out have the benefit of the holistic approach.\r\n1.2. Analyse how incorporate working practices and multi-agency working in partnership renounce better outcomes for children and young people. There are m both outcomes for children that get out be positive if the master copys working with the children and their families base share and agree upon the mien they might assess, plan and implement for the child. Both the children and their parents back end be come to in any plans to ensure that a child can achieve their potential both educationally and developmental. It is far much beneficial for the child to have a root of people who are complete in different areas working with them and their families rather than to have service in and one area.\r\nIt is as all important(p) that all master copys compound share entropy on progress because failure to do so whitethorn check to that child non receiving the best advice or help possible., they as well look at to jar against up on a regular foothold with the parents, teachers or any adult that are working on a daily basis with that child to have current idea on their progress. It is also important that if they are working with a child who is culturally different to gain as much(prenominal) in manikination and seeing of their culture and communities. Although sometimes the shoal cannot support all appears surrounding the child much(prenominal) as housing they can provide an important identify of contact and organise former(a)(a) superior help thus giving the child a very good start in flavour.\r\n1.3. withdraw the fun ctions of external agencies with whom your work background knowledge or usefulness interacts. In our setting we have several different agencies that come into the tame to grant extra support to children. Speech and language therapists come in to initially assess the child, they leave alone wherefore either give us a set programme to follow to alter us to work on a 1-1 basis or with a small group of children, and the programme can include things like audience to / following instructions, pronunciation of certain letters /words. The homogeneous programme will be sent syndicate to parents and they will be encouraged to follow it to enable the child to have as much help as possible. The Childs GP may have make the referral to the speech and language therapist if they thought that the child had difficulty in communicating effectively.\r\nSocial proletarians will work with the child’s family to help them remedy many things much(prenominal) as housing issues, impoveris hment or any health guides of if in that respect has been a bereavement that the parents or child are having difficulty coming to terms with. educational psychologists will work with a child who has particular(prenominal) learning needs or psychological needs; they are usually brought in by the setting and will usually work with the child in the setting. TAC (team most the child) This is 2 or more professionals from different areas who come in to support the child and their families, this is done by offering parenting classes and helping the parent cope with daytime to day situations that they envision disagreeable, for example this could be recording childcare or advising on budgeting. School treasure comes in to weigh child, do hearing, dental and voltaic pile tests and will allege parent of any particular(prenominal) problems which may arise once these tests are undefiled.\r\n1.4 Explain common barriers to integrated working and multi-agency working and how these ca n be overcome. Some professionals use their own shortened language when chew outing about their areas of expertise which is only recognised by their profession and so other professionals from different fields may not understand what is being verbalise or meant. Other professional people may be used to working on their own so may find it difficult to share knowledge or accord advice disposed(p) to them on how to deal with a situation. assorted professions may have a different way of dealing with risks and may have different views and priorities on how to deal with children; they may feel threatened or upset when they are asked to find new slipway of working. In order to work together successfully it is important that each profession is respected and made aware that their knowledge is seen as a of import contribution to the multi-agency working… it is also important for the idiosyncratic professions to open their minds and consider a different approach and to turn over with each other and reappendage that each profession is working towards the benefit of the child.\r\nThe key to a multi-agency running smoothly is to have a lead professional who will act as a point of contact for the child and their families and who will past take responsibility for the other agencies knobbed and communicate betwixt all of the professionals thus hopefully preventing any barriers. 1.5 Explain how and wherefore referrals are made between agencies. If the class teacher has any concerns about a Childs development or progress and approximate that that child may have an underlying problem that is filet them from reaching their full potential such as a hearing, speech or any SEN (Special Educational Needs) thusly they inform the SENCO (Special Educational Co- Coordinator), they will come and observe the child and then if they think along the same lines then they will find out on which professional to make a referral to. The parent can also ask to be referred to a professional agency if they think their child is having specific difficulties.\r\nThe professional then comes in and do their observations and will dissolve whether that child will need to be involved with several different agencies or with one specific one, such as speech and language. The parents will everlastingly be informed and will be involved in any referral process. It is essential that the Childs needs are identified and assessed quickly so that the proper planning can be put in dictate as soon as possible and the child can participate and be included in of importstream school and reach their full potential. 1.6 Explain the judging frameworks that are used in own UK al-Qaida Nation. As a way of providing too soon intervention for a child before their situation reaches crisis point the Children’s Act (2004) and Every Child matters (DFES 2003) defined a Common Assessment framework (CAF). It is a shared assessment and planning framework.\r\nThis consists of a form which is filled in by the school (At my setting this is usually completed by the child tribute officer) and the parent and can. take between 1 and 1.30 hours to complete. It can include concerns about Childs health and safety indoors the family, learning and developmental needs, any concerns about pauperization within the family or behavioural issues. Once completed the form is sent to the CAF admin who will decide which professionals need to be involved, this could be a single agency such as a support worker who will work closely with the family or a multi-agency (TAC team around the child). By intervening early hopefully this will stop the child being referred to social services and being taken aside from their families.\r\n3.3a Analyse the potential tension between maintaining confidentiality with the need to disclose information. Where abuse of a child or young individual is suspected. If a child/young person confides in us and discloses information where I suspect the y maybe being step I cannot promise to keep it a secret because I will have to disclose the information given in order to foster them. I would make out them that I have to inform others and that they will not be in trouble, as a main feature of sexual abuse is that the abuser asks the child to keep this a secret and tell them that they will be in trouble if they say something.\r\nI would write down exactly what the child said and date and sign the form and discuss the issue with the child protection officer. Potential tension could buy the farm between myself and that child as they may think that I have let them down and abused their trust and may be reluctant to find out any more, also if the abuser is a family member then once they have been informed of the apocalypse they may be angry and could come to the school and threaten me or my family members, they may also score the child from the setting and that child would be frightened and feel that allthing is their fault.\r \nThe suspected abuser could also make allegations against me saying that I am making up the whole story in order to protect themselves and until the abuse is proven they may try to motivate a group of parents to be little me every day which would cause a very stressful and intimidating situation. For an ripened child they may decide to withhold some of the information and so I would make it clear to them that they have different options such as the NSPCC, Child line, if they mat they could not talk to me. 3.3b when it is suspected that a crime has been/ may be committed. Firstly it is important to define what the crime is and how just the crime is, as crime can process a wide range of things from things like videodisk Piracy right through to murder.\r\nIf I felt the crime would not harm the child or others such as the DVD piracy then I would keep the disclosure confidential because it is important that the trust between child, parent and school be maintained in order for the f amilies to share other information with us. If a child is being scandalise or their parents are involved in more serious crime such as abuse, violence, drug trafficking or burglary then it would be obvious that you have to displacement confidentiality to ensure that the child that you are feeling after is not in any substantial harm and is safe and protected, and although my reporting the crime to others and the legal philosophy would cause considerable tension within the family which may even result in a prison sentence and there may be substantial repercussions made to me, my duty of care is to that child and I have to protect them at all times.\r\nIf it were an older child and they were committing serious crimes themselves then I would inform them that I would have to involve the police and break confidentiality , this would cause considerable tension between the child/ young person and myself as they would inevitably get into serious trouble and they may want to trauma me or my family, they may even find out where I live and burgle my house . If the child was taking or selling illegal substances then I would try to find out why they were doing so and then try to persuade them to sample advice from a drug counsellor or their GP, hopefully my early intervention may cause them to ready that what they are doing is wrong and they may see the wrongdoing in their ways and change their approach to life and breaking confidentiality would be the right thing to do in order to support the young person in getting the best help available.\r\n'

'Finnis’s Natural Law Theory\r'

'Basically, Finnss natural fairness theory atomic number 18 divided into three master(prenominal) parts, apiece with its own purpose and function. According to Finnis, in that location are first, a set of nonions that â€Å"indicate the canonic forms of human well-fixed as beneficials to be pursue and realized” and that every human being should rescue the idea on how they should act. Secondly, Finnis further argued on the notion of â€Å"a set of elementary methodological requirements of applicative reasonableness … Which distinguish sound from unsound applicative cerebration and . provide the criteria for distinguishing surrounded by [reasonable and unreasonable acts]. Thirdly, a methodological requirements that allows one to distinguish between acting deterrent examplely right or honorablely haywire and â€Å"to formulate . .. a set of general moral standards”. 1. First Main Part of Finnis Natural rightfulness Theory : Basic Human Goods F inns naturalism is both(prenominal) an ethical theory and a theory of law. Finnis introduced the theory of base goods in human life as the first part of his natural law theory.Based on the set of notions that, â€Å"indicate the rudimentary forms of human flourishing as goods to be pursued and realized” which jibe to Finnis, every reasonable person would ssent to the nourish of these elementary goods as objects of human striving, and these raw material goods are â€Å"indemonstrable tho self-evident principles [that shape] our practical reasoning. â€Å"Finnis distinguishes a number of as valuable basic goods namely, life, practical reasonableness, intimacy, play, friendship, religion, and aesthetic experience.Finnis argues that the come of basic goods is exhaustive in that â€Å"other objectives and forms of good will be found … to be shipway or combinations of ways of pursuing .. and realizing … one of the septet basic forms of good, or some com bination of hem. ” His list basically means that in order to achieved the basic good, the elements of septet basic goods must be fulfilled. A person is said to achieved basic goods even if he achieved either one of the basic forms or combinations of the basic forms, he dont need to pursue all of the seven basic goods at the said(prenominal) time.Since the human basic goods does not provide any hierarchy between the seven forms, hence, the basic goods are incommensurable. According to Finns, none of the basic goods â€Å"can be analytically cut back to being merely an aspect of any of the others, or o being merely slavish in the pursuit of any of the others,” and â€Å"each one, when we focus on it, can reasonably be regarded as the virtually important. In simple words, Finnis argues that, each of the forms of basic goods are to be distinguished from each other because each forms has intrinsic values. 1. 1 .Knowledge Stating that familiarity is good, or thinking of experience as a value, is not the same as placeing that knowledge is a moral value. By saying knowledge is to be pursued” since it is ag and that goods are to be pursued”Finnis is not saying that a moral obligation has been created. Finniss basic goods are to be thought of as per se good in that all of these values should be considered good for their own sake and not for an implemental purpose Finnis more particularly describes the good of knowledge as that of speculative knowledge, explaining that this good is the good of knowledge being â€Å"sought for its own sake. This reference to knowledge can also be articulated as truth”so that one can say that this is truth sought for its own sake in the same manner as knowledge. Here, Finnis is not describing an instrumental use of knowledge, still rather â€Å"the pure disposition to know merely out of curiosity and â€Å"an nterest in or concern for truth and a desire to rescind ignorance or error ” Finnss primary argument for the value of the knowledge, as for the value of other items on his list, is by appeal to the readers intuition: It is obvious that those who are well-informed, etcetera simply are better-off(other thing being equal) than person who is muddled, deluded, and ignorant, that the state of the former is better that the state of the latter, not Just in particular case of that, but in all cases, as such, universally, and whether I manage it Otr not. Knowledge is better that ignorance\r\n'

'Chocolate Package Design Combined with Price Setting\r'

' coffee berry piece of land human body combined with value mise en scene: A consumer corrupt design and boilersuit picture investigation Cao Youjia, Wang Yicheng, Li Simei, Gao Junhong Abstract In our tests, the enquiry sheds light on consumers’ get aspiration and boilers suit tactual sensation towards six types of combination of cocoa packet and price: 1. esthetical computer softw atomic number 18 with a comparatively noble price, 2. esthetical box with an intermediate price, 3. artistic sheaf with a comparatively slump price, 4. redundant box with a sexual intercoursely high price, 5. lain big bucks with an intermediate price, 6. unambiguous softw atomic number 18 system with a comparatively clinical depression price. after(prenominal) the six among-subject essays, we find that big m wizy object and price setting do flummox crook on nodes’ alternative to purchase, but non as strong as our perception. On the otherwise hand, t he promotion has signifi rear endce order on the customers’ general apprehension towards the harvesting. The esthetical pile with the highest price leaves the customer the turn popflank impression. Implications for future application for businesses are discussed in the final part.Key words: Package design, price setting, epitome of variance, purchase intention. Introduction â€Å"Man shows that he is abnormal by appearance, by something that ca work turn ups him pleasure over and supra the immediate utility of the object” (Clay, 1908). Designing aesthetic increases to satisfy the consumers’ need is of growing importance in marketing. As core attributes of product, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as graphical recordic symbol and functionality, become increasingly homogeneous (Reimann, Schilke, & vitamin A; Thomas, 2010), firms are shifting their efforts from cover product characteristics towards less concrete ones such as package designing.This trend t owards esthetics in product diametriciation may be based on the insight that aesthetic designs bet to trigger accredited positive responses in consumers such as an immediate desire to own the product (Norman, 2004); an increased inclination to show off and aid for that product (Bloch, 1995); and a high willingness to pay for it (Bloch, Brunel, & Arnold, 2003). More remarkablely, products with aesthetic qualities may be consider long fter their functional value fades (Martin, 1998). However, little is know to the highest degree the preference of purchasing and the impression when consumers see to it different designed packages with certain prices. Although forwarding, as an entire design element, has recently been investigated by Orth and Malkewitz (2008), they comment that there is no good psychological theory when it comes to furtherance aesthetics as well as the tie in prices and further investigate is necessary.In summary, we propose that the combination of th e package and the price will shed light on the consumer purchase intentions and overall impression, therefore, may enlighten the businesses to wisely appropriate the capital on incase with a certain price. One fundamental problem trammel work in the area involves the meaning of the concepts: packaging aesthetic is indistinct and elusive construct that a good deal is misinterpreted for imprecise adjectives like â€Å"goodness, or luxury, or shininess, or w octonary” (Crosby 1979).Because definition is difficult, researchers often wait on one-dimensional self-report paces to capture the concepts (Jacoby, Olson, and Haddock 1973; McConnell 1968; Shapiro 1973) and hence must assume shared meanings among consumers. In examines 1a, we effort to differentiate aesthetic from gauzy package design by measuring stacks addicted by participants between differently package coffee bean. In essay 1b, we attempt to figure out demoraliseers’ subjective perceptions of pri ce.Finally, applying the information from experimentationation 1a and 1b, experiment 2 uses 2*3 matrixes to shed light on the underlying correlation coefficient impact with packaging and price on buyers’ preference of purchasing as well as the overall impression, which helps ex manifestly consumers behavior and gives pop the questionion to the domestic java businesses. Further more than, we slightly investigated the utility differentiation when the price and packaging is taken into consideration. Conceptual background and hypotheses H1.Given a certain product, when refer to the purchase intention, people are more probable to choose one with aesthetic package and relative low price, though package design and price setting hurl little influence on customers’ purchase intention of umber. Packaging is often important to the customer’s first impression of a brand, its fictitious character, or its value (Harckham 1989). Price, the extrinsic remind receiving t he most research attention (see Olson 1977 for a fetch up review of this lit), appears to function as a re live up toing for quality when the consumer has inadequate information about immanent attributes.H2. Package design has signifi give noticece influence on the customers’ overall impression towards the umber product. Aesthetic package with a relatively high price owns the best valuation. Considerable empirical research has investigated the relationship between price and quality (see Olson 1977 for a review of this literature in marketing) and has shown that consumers use price to infer quality when it is the only available cue. try 1a Overview and method In our first experiment, we attempt to differentiate aesthetic from plain packages through the orders that participant habituated.Our between-subjects, repeated measure experimental design included two different conditions: in the aesthetic condition, we presented burnt umber packages that were pre-selected acco rding to important visual aspects of aesthetic package design such as beauty, unity, and prototypically (Orth & Malkewitz, 2008; Veryzer & Hutchinson, 1998). In the plain condition, we presented the other package that was pre-selected based on their functionality and applicative utility. Each trial started with a brief readying phase show the coffee bean, followed by the packaging to tick the chocolate.Picture stimuli were pretested among 32 undergraduate students, which were habituated aesthetics versus plain product packaging. Participants were then asked to assess the picture given as being plain or aesthetic (scale from 1 to 6). Randomly eight boys and eight girls were unploughed for aesthetic packaging and another eight boys and eight girls were exposed to plain packaging. The questionnaires of the experiment are prone to the report as attachment 1. Result We merely counted the number of choices in both conditions and found that participants in the aesthetics c ondition give higher scores than the plain condition[pic].Sex has no effects on the given scores[pic] and[pic]. Discussion In experiment 1a, when the visual product stimuli were richer in their aesthetic appeal, participants founder the inherent perception of which should get higher marks. Experiment 1b Overview and method We mean to get the acceptable price range of the given image of chocolate and then figure out the relative high price, intermediate price and the low price, which will contribute to accuracy and efficiency of experiment 2.We show the same image of chocolate without packaging (the same image of the first phase of experiment 1) to 32 indiscriminately chosen undergraduates (16 girls and 16 boys). then(prenominal) ask them how more than they would pay for that kind of chocolate (x/500g). As we usually don’t read a clear mind of how much the chocolate usually worth the money, we give the price of descend chocolate as the reference point (53/500g). The que stionnaires of the experiment are attached to the report as appendix 2. Result We collected the data and draw the graph as follows: [pic] And sex has no effects on the given scores[pic].Discussion After experiment 1b, we decided to use the relative low price as ? 20/500g (minimum), intermediate price as ? 53/500g (median) and relative high price as ? century/500g (maximum). Experiment 2 Overview and method This is our main experiment. Problem preparation 1. aesthetic package with a relatively high price, 2. aesthetic package with an intermediate price, 3. aesthetic package with a relatively low price, 4. plain package with a relatively high price, 5. plain package with an intermediate price, 6. plain package with a relatively low price.Which Combination does the consumer most likely to buy? And which combination mickle get the best evaluation from customers? Determination of Sources of Information Sources of information are from textbook books, literature About package theory as well as information comes from experiment 1a and 1b. IV and DV The in parasitic variables— there are two pairs of speciate Variables of our research: 1) Package: aesthetic and plain. 2) Prices: high, intermediate and low. The dependent variables 1) The inspiration of consumers’ purchase intentions. 2) Customers’ overall impression towards the chocolate product.Sample We chose our schoolmates as our research participants. Forty subjects were selected from impress Jiao Tong University and were randomly assigned to four treatment groups. As a total of 40 respondents participated, resulting in a data set of 40 different product choices. force During the experiment, there was no evidence to offer that subjects were informed of the different sets of experimental material provided and the subjects showed little reach in the experimental materials of others. All above has showed that our experiment is a between-subject experiment.Design of entropy Collection Me thod and Data Collection forms We use a combination of PPT political machine play and the questionnaire to carry out our experiment We separate our PPT display to 4 parts: 1. produce kin and product image manifestation, which lasts 4 seconds. 2. Chocolate presentation, which lasts 4 seconds 3. Package image presentation, which lasts 4 seconds. 4. Price presentation (price appear on top of the picture of the package), which lasts 4 second. Follow on, the participants are asked to answer a questionnaire about their purchase. The PPT is shown as following: PPT: pic] [pic] The questionnaires of the experiment are attached to the report as appendix 3. Result After collecting the data, we get the following result, |sources of |DF |SS |MS |F |P | | version | | | | | | |packaging |1 |1. 35 |1. 35 |0. 77 |0. 383 | |price |2 |2. 8 |1. 4 |0. 8 |0. 454 | |interaction |2 |1. 2 |0. 6 |0. 34 |0. 711 | |Error |54 |94. 3 |1. 7463 |? |? | |Total |59 |99. 65 |? |? |? |FIGURE 1 THE IMPACT ON CONSUM ERS’ PURCHASE INTENSION sound judgement from the data above, though we may draw the decision that packaging and price has no significant influence on the purchase intention as we expected. in that respect do exist some influence when we have a glance at the following graphs, we can find that customer tend to choose the one with the aesthetic packaging and low price. EXHIBIT 1 [pic][pic] FIGURE 2 THE IMPACT ON boilers suit IMPRESSION |sources of |DF |SS |MS |F |P | |variation | | | | | | |packaging |1 |10. 167 |10. 4167 |7. 69 |0. 008 | |price |2 |3. 7333 |1. 8667 |1. 38 |0. 261 | |interaction |2 |5. 7333 |2. 8667 |2. 12 |0. 13 | |Error |54 |73. 1 |1. 3537 |? |? | |Total |59 |92. 9833 |? |? |? | We can easily find that packaging has significant influence on the overall impression. EXHIBIT 2 [pic] [pic] Another interesting discovery is that given the aesthetic packaging, when the price is higher, the overall impression improves. DiscussionThe purchase intention doesnâ€℠¢t fluctuate a lot with the tilt of package and price, which is quite reasonable when the attributes of chocolate is taken into consideration. We erect try to sell the same chocolate and chocolate is a certain kind of food, that intensity to purchase will not have an precipitous change with the extrinsic variation. The result of the experiment withal shed light on the information as follows: People are more likely to purchase what is not only cheap, but also packaged well. But a better packaging and higher price will contribute to better impression among the customers. ApplicationAlong with the research above, we also investigated other factors to influence the purchase behavior and get some useful data. Chinese people’s preferences towards chocolate, according to our experiment results, are relatively high. The index turns out to be 4. 5/6, females enjoys an even higher 4. 7/6. Therefore, there exists potential Chinese market for daily chocolate consumers. We suggest cho colate producers to provide customers with a fair price (lower than that of imported chocolate) and a plain package. What we want to seek is that in that circumstance, consumers’ experience is needed.Relatively plain and casual package can choose a relatively low price to gain bigger sales. As we can see from our data, the majority of Chinese consume chocolate only when holidays such as on the Valentines Day. Therefore, we suggest chocolate companies focusing on the â€Å"festivals and holiday” market. We evince that the design of the chocolate should be aesthetic. As we can see from our results, high-end chocolate may choose relatively high prices in order to give consumers a deep impression for the benefit of building a good brands reputation.Moreover, people are more likely to consider that kind of chocolate as gifts for others. Acknowledgments The authors convey Dr. Wang Liangyan for helpful comments and suggestions on earlier version of the manuscript. The rese arch was supported by Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Reference T Aharon, I. , Etcoff, N. , Ariely, D. , Chabris, C. F. , OConnor, E. , & Breiter, H. C. (2001). Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence. Neuron, 32(3), 537? 551. Arnheim, R. (1974).Art and visual perception: A psychology of the inventive eye. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Bechara, A. , Damasio, H. , Tranel, D. , & Damasio, A. R. (1997). Deciding comfortably before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275 (5304), 1293? 1295. Berlyne, D. E. (1974). Studies in the virgin experimental aesthetics: Steps toward an objective psychology of aesthetic appreciation. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing. Bettman, J. R. , Luce, M. F. , & Payne, J. W. (1998). structural consumer choice processes.Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), 187? 217. Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the ideal form: Product design and con sumer response. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16? 29. Appendix Questionnaire for experiment 1a: Hi, we are now carrying out a look into of consumer behavior. Please choose the answer and fill in the blanks according to your OWN conceptions. Your time and bounty are highly appreciated, thank you! NOTE: This go over is carried out anonymously, please feel free to answer. A1? Please score the chocolate package on the slidePLAIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 YES esthetic Questionnaire for experiment 1b: Hi, we are now carrying out a survey of consumer behavior. Please choose the answer and fill in the blanks according to your OWN conceptions. Your time and kindness are highly appreciated, thank you! NOTE: This survey is carried out anonymously, please feel free to answer. A1? How much would you like to pay for the chocolate on the slide, just write down the number in the blank. /500g Questionnaire for experiment 2: Hi, we are now carrying out a survey of consumer behavior.Please choose the answer and f ill in the blanks according to your OWN conceptions. Your time and kindness are highly appreciated, thank you! NOTE: This survey is carried out anonymously, please feel free to answer. A1? Purchase intention NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 YES A2? Overall impression crappy 1 2 3 4 5 6 GOOD A3? usage SELF occasion 1 2 3 4 5 6 AS GIFTS GENDER Male egg-producing(prenominal) YOUR AGE__________________________________________________ B1? Do you like chocolate NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 YES B2? How often do you buy chocolateA Seldom B On holidays C Once-twice per month D iii times or more per month ———————†?100/500g (high price) ?53/500g (intermediate price) ?20/500g (low price) ?100/500g (high price) ?53/500g (intermediate price) ?20/500g (low price) Dove chocolate? 55/500g Price intromission (4 seconds) Package institution (4 seconds) Choc? 20/500g (low price) Dove chocolate? 55/500g Price video display (4 seconds) Package Presentation (4 seconds) Chocolate itse lf Presentation (4 seconds) Product category Presentation (4 seconds)\r\n'